python-archieve-projects/M301/第六章/periodic-table.csv

15 KiB

1atomicNumbersymbolnameatomicMasscpkHexColorelectronicConfigurationelectronegativityatomicRadiusionRadiusvanDelWaalsRadiusionizationEnergyelectronAffinityoxidationStatesstandardStatebondingTypemeltingPointboilingPointdensitygroupBlockyearDiscovered
21HHydrogen1.00794(4)FFFFFF1s12.2371201312-73-1, 1gasdiatomic14200.0000899nonmetal1766
32HeHelium4.002602(2)D9FFFF1s23214023720gasatomic40.0001785noble gas1868
43LiLithium6.941(2)CC80FF[He] 2s10.9813476 (+1)182520-601solidmetallic45416150.535alkali metal1817
54BeBeryllium9.012182(3)C2FF00[He] 2s21.579045 (+2)90002solidmetallic156027431.848alkaline earth metal1798
65BBoron10.811(7)FFB5B5[He] 2s2 2p12.048227 (+3)801-271, 2, 3solidcovalent network234842732.46metalloid1807
76CCarbon12.0107(8)909090[He] 2s2 2p22.557716 (+4)1701087-154-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4solidcovalent network382343002.26nonmetalAncient
87NNitrogen14.0067(2)3050F8[He] 2s2 2p33.0475146 (-3)1551402-7-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5gasdiatomic63770.001251nonmetal1772
98OOxygen15.9994(3)FF0D0D[He] 2s2 2p43.4473140 (-2)1521314-141-2, -1, 1, 2gasdiatomic55900.001429nonmetal1774
109FFluorine18.9984032(5)9.00E+51[He] 2s2 2p53.9871133 (-1)1471681-328-1gasatomic54850.001696halogen1670
1110NeNeon20.1797(6)B3E3F5[He] 2s2 2p66915420810gasatomic25270.0009noble gas1898
1211NaSodium22.98976928(2)AB5CF2[Ne] 3s10.93154102 (+1)227496-53-1, 1solidmetallic37111560.968alkali metal1807
1312MgMagnesium24.3050(6)8AFF00[Ne] 3s21.3113072 (+2)17373801, 2solidmetallic92313631.738alkaline earth metal1808
1413AlAluminum26.9815386(8)BFA6A6[Ne] 3s2 3p11.6111853.5 (+3)578-431, 3solidmetallic93327922.7metalAncient
1514SiSilicon28.0855(3)F0C8A0[Ne] 3s2 3p21.911140 (+4)210787-134-4, -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4solidmetallic168731732.33metalloid1854
1615PPhosphorus30.973762(2)FF8000[Ne] 3s2 3p32.1910644 (+3)1801012-72-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5solidcovalent network3175541.823nonmetal1669
1716SSulfur32.065(5)FFFF30[Ne] 3s2 3p42.58102184 (-2)1801000-200-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6solidcovalent network3887181.96nonmetalAncient
1817ClChlorine35.453(2)1FF01F[Ne] 3s2 3p53.1699181 (-1)1751251-349-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7gascovalent network1722390.003214halogen1774
1918ArArgon39.948(1)80D1E3[Ne] 3s2 3p69718815210gasatomic84870.001784noble gas1894
2019KPotassium39.0983(1)8F40D4[Ar] 4s10.82196138 (+1)275419-481solidmetallic33710320.856alkali metal1807
2120CaCalcium40.078(4)3DFF00[Ar] 4s21174100 (+2)590-22solidmetallic111517571.55alkaline earth metalAncient
2221ScScandium44.955912(6)E6E6E6[Ar] 3d1 4s21.3614474.5 (+3)633-181, 2, 3solidmetallic181431032.985transition metal1876
2322TiTitanium47.867(1)BFC2C7[Ar] 3d2 4s21.5413686 (+2)659-8-1, 2, 3, 4solidmetallic194135604.507transition metal1791
2423VVanadium50.9415(1)A6A6AB[Ar] 3d3 4s21.6312579 (+2)651-51-1, 2, 3, 4solidmetallic218336806.11transition metal1803
2524CrChromium51.9961(6)8A99C7[Ar] 3d5 4s11.6612780 (+2*)653-64-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic218029447.14transition metalAncient
2625MnManganese54.938045(5)9C7AC7[Ar] 3d5 4s21.5513967 (+2)7170-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7solidmetallic151923347.47transition metal1774
2726FeIron55.845(2)E06633[Ar] 3d6 4s21.8312578 (+2*)763-16-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic181131347.874transition metalAncient
2827CoCobalt58.933195(5)F090A0[Ar] 3d7 4s21.8812674.5 (+2*)760-64-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5solidmetallic176832008.9transition metalAncient
2928NiNickel58.6934(4)50D050[Ar] 3d8 4s21.9112169 (+2)163737-112-1, 1, 2, 3, 4solidmetallic172831868.908transition metal1751
3029CuCopper63.546(3)C88033[Ar] 3d10 4s11.913877 (+1)140746-1181, 2, 3, 4solidmetallic135832008.92transition metalAncient
3130ZnZinc65.38(2)7D80B0[Ar] 3d10 4s21.6513174 (+2)13990602solidmetallic69311807.14transition metal1746
3231GaGallium69.723(1)C28F8F[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p11.8112662 (+3)187579-291, 2, 3solidmetallic30324775.904metal1875
3332GeGermanium72.64(1)668F8F[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p22.0112273 (+2)762-119-4, 1, 2, 3, 4solidmetallic121130935.323metalloid1886
3433AsArsenic74.92160(2)BD80E3[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p32.1811958 (+3)185947-78-3, 2, 3, 5solidmetallic10908875.727metalloidAncient
3534SeSelenium78.96(3)FFA100[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p42.55116198 (-2)190941-195-2, 2, 4, 6solidmetallic4949584.819nonmetal1817
3635BrBromine79.904(1)A62929[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p52.96114196 (-1)1851140-325-1, 1, 3, 4, 5, 7liquidcovalent network2663323.12halogen1826
3736KrKrypton83.798(2)5CB8D1[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6110202135102gasatomic1161200.00375noble gas1898
3837RbRubidium85.4678(3)702EB0[Kr] 5s10.82211152 (+1)403-471solidmetallic3129611.532alkali metal1861
3938SrStrontium87.62(1)00FF00[Kr] 5s20.95192118 (+2)550-52solidmetallic105016552.63alkaline earth metal1790
4039YYttrium88.90585(2)94FFFF[Kr] 4d1 5s21.2216290 (+3)600-301, 2, 3solidmetallic179936184.472transition metal1794
4140ZrZirconium91.224(2)94E0E0[Kr] 4d2 5s21.3314872 (+4)640-411, 2, 3, 4solidmetallic212846826.511transition metal1789
4241NbNiobium92.90638(2)73C2C9[Kr] 4d4 5s11.613772 (+3)652-86-1, 2, 3, 4, 5solidmetallic275050178.57transition metal1801
4342MoMolybdenum95.96(2)54B5B5[Kr] 4d5 5s12.1614569 (+3)684-72-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic2896491210.28transition metal1778
4443TcTechnetium[98]3B9E9E[Kr] 4d5 5s21.915664.5 (+4)702-53-3, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7solidmetallic2430453811.5transition metal1937
4544RuRuthenium101.07(2)248F8F[Kr] 4d7 5s12.212668 (+3)710-101-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8solidmetallic2607442312.37transition metal1827
4645RhRhodium102.90550(2)0A7D8C[Kr] 4d8 5s12.2813566.5 (+3)720-110-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic2237396812.45transition metal1803
4746PdPalladium106.42(1)6985[Kr] 4d102.213159 (+1)163804-542, 4solidmetallic1828323612.023transition metal1803
4847AgSilver107.8682(2)C0C0C0[Kr] 4d10 5s11.93153115 (+1)172731-1261, 2, 3solidmetallic1235243510.49transition metalAncient
4948CdCadmium112.411(8)FFD98F[Kr] 4d10 5s21.6914895 (+2)15886802solidmetallic59410408.65transition metal1817
5049InIndium114.818(3)A67573[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p11.7814480 (+3)193558-291, 2, 3solidmetallic43023457.31metal1863
5150SnTin118.710(7)668080[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p21.96141112 (+2)217709-107-4, 2, 4solidmetallic50528757.31metalAncient
5251SbAntimony121.760(1)9E63B5[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p32.0513876 (+3)834-103-3, 3, 5solidmetallic90418606.697metalloidAncient
5352TeTellurium127.60(3)D47A00[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p42.1135221 (-2)206869-190-2, 2, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic72312616.24metalloid1782
5453IIodine126.90447(3)940094[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p52.66133220 (-1)1981008-295-1, 1, 3, 5, 7solidcovalent network3874574.94halogen1811
5554XeXenon131.293(6)429EB0[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p613048 (+8)216117002, 4, 6, 8gasatomic1611650.0059noble gas1898
5655CsCesium132.9054519(2)57178F[Xe] 6s10.79225167 (+1)376-461solidmetallic3029441.879alkali metal1860
5756BaBarium137.327(7)00C900[Xe] 6s20.89198135 (+2)503-142solidmetallic100021433.51alkaline earth metal1808
5857LaLanthanum138.90547(7)70D4FF[Xe] 5d1 6s21.1169103.2 (+3)538-482, 3solidmetallic119337376.146lanthanoid1839
5958CeCerium140.116(1)FFFFC7[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s21.12102 (+3)534-502, 3, 4solidmetallic107136336.689lanthanoid1803
6059PrPraseodymium140.90765(2)D9FFC7[Xe] 4f3 6s21.1399 (+3)527-502, 3, 4solidmetallic120435636.64lanthanoid1885
6160NdNeodymium144.242(3)C7FFC7[Xe] 4f4 6s21.14129 (+2)533-502, 3solidmetallic129433737.01lanthanoid1885
6261PmPromethium[145]A3FFC7[Xe] 4f5 6s21.1397 (+3)540-503solidmetallic137332737.264lanthanoid1947
6362SmSamarium150.36(2)8FFFC7[Xe] 4f6 6s21.17122 (+2)545-502, 3solidmetallic134520767.353lanthanoid1853
6463EuEuropium151.964(1)61FFC7[Xe] 4f7 6s21.2117 (+2)547-502, 3solidmetallic109518005.244lanthanoid1901
6564GdGadolinium157.25(3)45FFC7[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s21.293.8 (+3)593-501, 2, 3solidmetallic158635237.901lanthanoid1880
6665TbTerbium158.92535(2)30FFC7[Xe] 4f9 6s21.292.3 (+3)566-501, 3, 4solidmetallic162935038.219lanthanoid1843
6766DyDysprosium162.500(1)1FFFC7[Xe] 4f10 6s21.22107 (+2)573-502, 3solidmetallic168528408.551lanthanoid1886
6867HoHolmium164.93032(2)00FF9C[Xe] 4f11 6s21.2390.1 (+3)581-503solidmetallic174729738.795lanthanoid1878
6968ErErbium167.259(3)0.00E+00[Xe] 4f12 6s21.2489 (+3)589-503solidmetallic177031419.066lanthanoid1842
7069TmThulium168.93421(2)00D452[Xe] 4f13 6s21.25103 (+2)597-502, 3solidmetallic181822239.321lanthanoid1879
7170YbYtterbium173.054(5)00BF38[Xe] 4f14 6s21.1102 (+2)603-502, 3solidmetallic109214696.57lanthanoid1878
7271LuLutetium174.9668(1)00AB24[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s21.2716086.1 (+3)524-503solidmetallic193636759.841lanthanoid1907
7372HfHafnium178.49(2)4DC2FF[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s21.315071 (+4)65902, 3, 4solidmetallic2506487613.31transition metal1923
7473TaTantalum180.94788(2)4DA6FF[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s21.513872 (+3)761-31-1, 2, 3, 4, 5solidmetallic3290573116.65transition metal1802
7574WTungsten183.84(1)2194D6[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s22.3614666 (+4)770-79-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic3695582819.25transition metal1783
7675ReRhenium186.207(1)267DAB[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s21.915963 (+4)760-15-3, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7solidmetallic3459586921.02transition metal1925
7776OsOsmium190.23(3)266696[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s22.212863 (+4)840-106-2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8solidmetallic3306528522.61transition metal1803
7877IrIridium192.217(3)175487[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s22.213768 (+3)880-151-3, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic2739470122.65transition metal1803
7978PtPlatinum195.084(9)D0D0E0[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s12.2812886 (+2)175870-2052, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic2041409821.09transition metalAncient
8079AuGold196.966569(4)FFD123[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s12.54144137 (+1)166890-223-1, 1, 2, 3, 5solidmetallic1337312919.3transition metalAncient
8180HgMercury200.59(2)B8B8D0[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s22149119 (+1)155100701, 2, 4liquidmetallic23463013.534transition metalAncient
8281TlThallium204.3833(2)A6544D[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p12.04148150 (+1)196589-191, 3solidmetallic577174611.85metal1861
8382PbLead207.2(1)575961[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p22.33147119 (+2)202716-35-4, 2, 4solidmetallic601202211.34metalAncient
8483BiBismuth208.98040(1)9E4FB5[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p32.02146103 (+3)703-91-3, 3, 5solidmetallic54418379.78metalAncient
8584PoPolonium[209]AB5C00[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4294 (+4)812-183-2, 2, 4, 6solidmetallic52712359.196metalloid1898
8685AtAstatine[210]754F45[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p52.262 (+7)920-270-1, 1, 3, 5solidcovalent network575halogen1940
8786RnRadon[222]428296[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p614510372gasatomic2022110.00973noble gas1900
8887FrFrancium[223]420066[Rn] 7s10.7180 (+1)3801solidmetallicalkali metal1939
8988RaRadium[226]007D00[Rn] 7s20.9148 (+2)5092solidmetallic97320105alkaline earth metal1898
9089AcActinium[227]70ABFA[Rn] 6d1 7s21.1112 (+3)4993solidmetallic1323347310.07actinoid1899
9190ThThorium232.03806(2)00BAFF[Rn] 6d2 7s21.394 (+4)5872, 3, 4solidmetallic2023509311.724actinoid1828
9291PaProtactinium231.03588(2)00A1FF[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s21.5104 (+3)5683, 4, 5solidmetallic1845427315.37actinoid1913
9392UUranium238.02891(3)008FFF[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s21.38102.5 (+3)1865983, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic1408420019.05actinoid1789
9493NpNeptunium[237]0080FF[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s21.36110 (+2)6053, 4, 5, 6, 7solidmetallic917427320.45actinoid1940
9594PuPlutonium[244]006BFF[Rn] 5f6 7s21.28100 (+3)5853, 4, 5, 6, 7solidmetallic913350319.816actinoid1940
9695AmAmericium[243]545CF2[Rn] 5f7 7s21.3126 (+2)5782, 3, 4, 5, 6solidmetallic14492284actinoid1944
9796CmCurium[247]785CE3[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s21.397 (+3)5813, 4solidmetallic1618338313.51actinoid1944
9897BkBerkelium[247]8A4FE3[Rn] 5f9 7s21.396 (+3)6013, 4solidmetallic132314.78actinoid1949
9998CfCalifornium[251]A136D4[Rn] 5f10 7s21.395 (+3)6082, 3, 4solidmetallic117315.1actinoid1950
10099EsEinsteinium[252]B31FD4[Rn] 5f11 7s21.36192, 3solid1133actinoid1952
101100FmFermium[257]B31FBA[Rn] 5f12 7s21.36272, 31800actinoid1952
102101MdMendelevium[258]B30DA6[Rn] 5f13 7s21.36352, 31100actinoid1955
103102NoNobelium[259]BD0D87[Rn] 5f14 7s21.36422, 31100actinoid1957
104103LrLawrencium[262]C70066[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p11.331900transition metal1961
105104RfRutherfordium[267]CC0059[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s24transition metal1969
106105DbDubnium[268]D1004F[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2transition metal1967
107106SgSeaborgium[271]D90045[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2transition metal1974
108107BhBohrium[272]E00038[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2transition metal1976
109108HsHassium[270]E6002E[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2transition metal1984
110109MtMeitnerium[276]EB0026[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2transition metal1982
111110DsDarmstadtium[281][Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1transition metal1994
112111RgRoentgenium[280][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1transition metal1994
113112CnCopernicium[285][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2transition metal1996
114113NhNihonium[284][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1post-transition metal2003
115114FlFlerovium[289][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2post-transition metal1998
116115McMoscovium[288][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3post-transition metal2003
117116LvLivermorium[293][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4post-transition metal2000
118117TsTennessine[294][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5post-transition metal2010
119118OgOganesson[294][Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6